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Mild & Low Alloy Steel Wires featured on this page :
Click here for: Suggestions for Welding Mild & Low Alloy Steel
Suggestions for Welding Mild & Low Alloy Steel back to top
Mild steels are used for general construction - for bridges, platforms, transportation equipment, and building construction for example. The consumables for this type of welding are generally carbon-manganese type alloys, with carbon below .20%, manganese between 0.5% and 1.5%, and tensile strength 05 50,000 psi to 75,000 psi.
Low alloy steels are used for higher strengths and service environments of high and low temperatures. They contain carbon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel - and in some specific types vanadium and copper appear as alloying elements. Low alloy steels with chromium and molybdenum are meant for moderately high temperature applications, since they have high creep resistance. For still higher temperatures, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels are used.
For low temperatures tp -50 degrees F, carbon and manganese steels are used. The consumables for welding these steels are:
- Up to -30 degrees F Low carbon / high manganese type alloys ( .05 C, 1.4 Mn )
- -30 Degrees F to -50 degrees F Manganese-molybdenum (1.4 Mn, .5 Mo) or Manganese-nickel (1.25 Mn, .5 Ni)
TIG Welding
In TIG welding, the arc is struck between the work piece and the non-consumable electrode like thoriated tungsten for welding of ferrous materials and zirconiated tungsten for aluminum. The consumable wire is melted in the arc atmosphere and the inert gases like argon or helium or their mixture are used as shielded gases. TIG is extremely suitable for joining thin sheets and tubes, and for making root pass welding in pipes, since the heat input in this process is minimal. TIG welds do not cause any undercuts or excessive penetration, and the distortion is the lowest of any welding process. TIG welds provide superior quality weld metal, but the productivity is low.
MIG Welding
Gas-Metal-Arc welding is generally called MIG (metal inert gas) welding. In this process, the consumables travels through a nozzle and a tip before it strikes an arc with the work-piece. The arc atmosphere is shielded by gases such as 100% argon, 98% argon with 2% oxygen, 75% argon with 25% carbon dioxide, and 100% carbon dioxide.
The smooth functioning of MIG welding depends on welding parameters, shielding gases, and the consumables. The welding parameters are amperage, voltage, feed of the wire, speed of welding and flow rate of the shielding gas. The feed of the wire has to be adjusted to suit the speed determine the heat input. If these parameters are not synchronized, the welding does not perform well. There could be burnback fusing the tips, or there could be insufficient melting of the wire, resulting in improper fusion. If the gas pressure is insufficient, the metal gets oxidized, leaving inclusions and porosity in weld metal.
There are two different techniques in MIG welding:
- Spray transfer
- Droplet transfer / short-circuit type
In spray type, the liquid weld metal travels from the tip of the consumable in the form of tiny globules to the workpiece. Spray transfer is achieved with higher current densities. In droplet transfer, the liquid metal travels in the form of droplets, and operates at lower current densities. Usually the droplet or short circuiting technique is used in root pass welding, followed by spray transfer for the rest of the welding.
AWS A5.18 ER70S-2 back to top
ER70S-2 is a triple deoxidized mild steel welding wire for TIG and MIG welding applications. In addition to manganese and silicon, it contains aluminum, titanium and zirconium as deoxidizers. MIG welding of mild steels can be conducted with either carbon dioxide or argon-CO or argon-CO or argon-2% oxygen as shielding gasses. For TIG welding 100% argon is recommended.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .05 Manganese 1.15 Silicon .45 Phosphorus .022 Sulfur .006 Aluminum .09 Titanium .06 Zirconium .04 Copper .35 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 74,800 PSI 520 MPA Yield Strength 62,500 PSI 430 MPA Elongation 24% Impact Strength @ -20 degrees F / -29 degrees C 45 ft-lbs 47 JoulesAWS A5.18 ER70S-3 back to top
ER70S-3 is a mild steel welding wire for TIG and MIG welding applications. MIG welding can be conducted with either argon-oxygen or argon-CO as shielding gasses. For TIG welding, 100% argon is recommended.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .07 Manganese 1.19 Silicon .52 Phosphorus .021 Sulfur .022 Copper .40 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 75,500 PSI 520 MPA Yield Strength 61,500 PSI 420 MPA Elongation 23% Impact Strength @ 0 degrees F / 18 degrees C 35 ft-lbs 47 JoulesAWS A5.18 ER70S-6 back to top
ER70S-6 is a mild steel welding wire with higher levels of deoxidizers (Mn &Si) compared to other mild steel welding wires. This wire is exceptionally suitable for welding of mild steels with moderate amounts of scale or rust. For MIG welding, argon-oxygen or argon-CO may be used as shielding gasses. For TIG welding, 100% argon is recommended as the shielding gas.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .09 Manganese 1.65 Silicon .95 Phosphorus .022 Sulfur .018 Copper .35 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 78,000 PSI 540 MPA Yield Strength 64,500 PSI 450 MPA Elongation 24% Impact Strength @ -20 degrees F / -29 degrees C 45 ft-lbs 60 JoulesAWS A5.28 ER80S-B2 back to top
ER80S-B2 is designed for the gas metal arc welding of 1-1/4 Cr / 1/2 Mo steels which are used for high temperature service. Preheating and interpass temperatures of not less than 300 degrees F must beused during welding.
NOTE: Mechanical properties listed below reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1125 degrees f and 1175 degrees F for one hour.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .09 Manganese .55 Silicon .48 Chromium 1.35 Molybdenum .55 Phosphorus .012 Sulfur .006 Copper .15Mechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 85,000 PSI 590 MPA Yield Strength 71,500 PSI 490 MPA Elongation 21% Impact Strength @ 32 degrees F / 0 degrees C 60 ft-lbs 80 JoulesAWS A5.28 ER80S-D2 back to top
ER80S-D2 is a low alloy steel wire with 2% manganese and .5% molybdenum as alloying elements. The weld deposits have moderately high strength with adequate low temperature toughness. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 300 degrees is required during welding.
NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed below) of welds are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the post-weld heat treatment.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .11 Manganese 1.95 Silicon .65 Molybdenum .50 Phosphorus .012 Sulfur .017 Copper .25 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 84,000 PSI 580 MPA Yield Strength 71,500 PSI 490 MPA Elongation 19% Impact Strength @ -20 degrees F / -29 degrees C 35 ft-lbs 47 JoulesAWS A5.28 ER90S-B3 back to top
ER90S-B3 is designed for gas metal arc welding of 2-1/4 Cr / 1 mo steels, which are used for high temperature applications. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350 degrees F should be maintained during welding.
NOTE: Mechanical properties listed below reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1250 degrees F and 1300 degrees F for one hour.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .10 Manganese .62 Silicon .48 Chromium 2.55 Molybdenum 1.08 Phosphorus .009 Sulfur .006 Copper .12Mechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 94,500 PSI 650 MPA Yield Strength 80,500 PSI 550 MPA Elongation 19% Impact Strength @ 68 degrees F / 20 degrees C 80 ft-lbs 105 JoulesAWS A5.28 ER110S-1 back to top
ER110S-1 is intended for applications where high strength, combined with low temperature ductility, are prime considerations. Applications include welding of HY100 and other high strength, low alloy steels. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 300 degrees F is required during welding.
NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed below) of welds are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the post-weld heat treatment.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .07 Manganese 1.55 Silicon .45 Chromium .30 Nickel 2.30 Molybdenum .42 Sulfur .005 Phosphorus .008 Copper .22 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 114,500 PSI 790 MPA Yield Strength 98,500 PSI 680 MPA Elongation 17% Impact Strength @ -60 degrees F / -51 degrees C 65 ft-lbs 87 JoulesAWS A5.28 ER120S-1 back to top
ER120S-1 is a high strength low alloy steel welding wire developed for welding of HY100 and other high strength steels. The weld deposits also give adequate low temperature toughness down to -60 degrees F is recommended during welding.
NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed below) of the welds are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the post-weld heat treatment.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .08 Manganese 1.55 Silicon .48 Chromium .35 Nickel 2.55 Molybdenum .50 Sulfur .006 Phosphorus .008 Copper .24 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 124,500 PSI 860 MPA Yield Strength 106,500 PSI 730 MPA Elongation 15% Impact Strength @ -60 degrees F / -51 degrees C 60 ft-lbs 80 JoulesAISI 4130 back to top
*This grade can also be used for submerged arc welding.AISI 4130 is a high strength, low alloy welding wire for joining steels of similar chemical composition, as well as for overlays where moderate hardness is required. This wire can be used for TIG, MIG and submerged arc welding applications. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 400 degrees F is required during welding.
NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed below) of welds are governed by the heat treatment undergone by the weld metal. Mechanical properties above are for weld metal oil quenched from 1550 degrees F and tempered at 1050 degrees F.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire :
Carbon .31 Manganese .52 Silicon .28 Chromium .93 Molybdenum .20 Phosphorus .015 Sulfur .012 Copper .21 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 145,000 PSI 1000 MPA Yield Strength 130,000 PSI 900 MPA Elongation 11%AWS A5.28 ER100S-G * back to top
*This grade can be used for submerged arc welding, where its relevant classification is AWS A5.23 EG.ER100S-G is a low alloy steel welding wire developed for welding of high strength steels with adequate ductility at low temperatures. The hardness of the undiluted weld will be less than 235 BHN. The requirement of preheat and interpass temperatures should be determined taking the base plate chemistry and thickness into consideration.
NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed below) of the welds are greatly influenced by the preheat, interpass temperature, the heat input, and the post-weld heat treatment.
Typical Chemical Composition of the wire:
Carbon .12 Manganese 1.45 Silicon .60 Chromium .30 Nickel .95 Molybdenum .40 Phosphorus .014 Sulfur .015 Copper .25 Iron BalanceMechanical Properties of all weld metal (as welded) :
Tensile Strength 104,000 PSI 720 MPA Yield Strength 88,000 PSI 610 MPA Elongation 25% Impact Strength @ -75 degrees F / -59 degrees C 50 ft-lbs 67 Joule